{"id":3022,"date":"2024-11-14T14:16:41","date_gmt":"2024-11-14T12:16:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/?p=3022"},"modified":"2024-11-14T14:16:47","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T12:16:47","slug":"cum-a-venit-si-a-plecat-puterea-sovietica-din-bucuresti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/eternal\/cum-a-venit-si-a-plecat-puterea-sovietica-din-bucuresti","title":{"rendered":"Cum a venit \u0219i a plecat puterea sovietic\u0103 din Bucure\u0219ti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Ocupa\u021bia sovietic\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei a avut loc \u00een 1944, \u00een timpul ofensivei Armatei Ro\u0219ii pe Frontul de Est. Atunci, trupele sovietice au ocupat ceea ce fusese Regatul Rom\u00e2niei. Un alt factor important a fost c\u0103, dup\u0103 lovitura de stat regal\u0103 din 1944, Rom\u00e2nia a trecut de partea Alia\u021bilor. F\u0103r\u0103 ca un tratat oficial de armisti\u021biu s\u0103 fie semnat, Armata Ro\u0219ie a decis s\u0103 ocupe \u021bara. Atunci, autorit\u0103\u021bile sovietice numeau aceste evenimente \u201eeliberarea Rom\u00e2niei de c\u0103tre glorioasa armat\u0103 sovietic\u0103,\u201d dar acum \u00een\u021belegem c\u0103 a fost o ocupa\u021bie ilegal\u0103. \u00cen acest articol, vom rememora aceste evenimente \u0219i vom vorbi despre via\u021ba ora\u0219ului Bucure\u0219ti sub ocupa\u021bia sovietic\u0103 \u0219i despre eliberarea sa. Mai multe pe <a href=\"http:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\">bucharestyes.eu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2f8228dc772\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2f8228dc772\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/eternal\/cum-a-venit-si-a-plecat-puterea-sovietica-din-bucuresti\/#Cum_a_inceput_totul\" >Cum a \u00eenceput totul?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/eternal\/cum-a-venit-si-a-plecat-puterea-sovietica-din-bucuresti\/#Cum_s-au_schimbat_armata_si_autoritatile_romane\" >Cum s-au schimbat armata \u0219i autorit\u0103\u021bile rom\u00e2ne?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/eternal\/cum-a-venit-si-a-plecat-puterea-sovietica-din-bucuresti\/#Formarea_miscarii_anticomuniste_si_miscarea_anticomunista_din_Bucuresti\" >Formarea mi\u0219c\u0103rii anticomuniste \u0219i mi\u0219carea anticomunist\u0103 din Bucure\u0219ti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/eternal\/cum-a-venit-si-a-plecat-puterea-sovietica-din-bucuresti\/#Revolutia_Romana_din_1989_evenimentele_din_Bucuresti\" >Revolu\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 din 1989: evenimentele din Bucure\u0219ti<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cum_a_inceput_totul\"><\/span>Cum a \u00eenceput totul?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00e2n\u0103 la 12 septembrie 1944, Armata Ro\u0219ie preluase controlul aproape total asupra teritoriului Rom\u00e2niei, iar la 12 septembrie a fost semnat un acord de armisti\u021biu. Toate condi\u021biile armisti\u021biului au fost dictate de Moscova. Conform acordului, Rom\u00e2nia trebuia s\u0103 permit\u0103 circula\u021bia liber\u0103 a armatei sovietice pe teritoriul s\u0103u \u0219i s\u0103 ofere un sediu la Bucure\u0219ti pentru Comisia de Control Sovietic\u0103. Totodat\u0103, la Bucure\u0219ti \u0219i Cluj au fost \u00eenfiin\u021bate dou\u0103 tribunale populare pentru judecarea suspec\u021bilor de crime de r\u0103zboi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen 1947, tratatele de pace de la Paris au oferit Uniunii Sovietice o baz\u0103 juridic\u0103 pentru prezen\u021ba trupelor sale \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. Num\u0103rul trupelor sovietice a ajuns la un milion de oameni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen noiembrie 1945, la Bucure\u0219ti, \u00een fa\u021ba Palatului Regal, a avut loc o demonstra\u021bie anticomunist\u0103. Aceasta a fost reprimat\u0103 cu for\u021ba. Militarii sovietici au \u00eempiedicat solda\u021bii \u0219i poli\u021bi\u0219tii rom\u00e2ni s\u0103 trag\u0103 \u00een mul\u021bime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cum_s-au_schimbat_armata_si_autoritatile_romane\"><\/span>Cum s-au schimbat armata \u0219i autorit\u0103\u021bile rom\u00e2ne?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ocupa\u021bia sovietic\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei a modificat efectivele \u0219i structura armatei na\u021bionale. Efectivele au crescut de la 138.000 la 300.000 de oameni. Armata rom\u00e2n\u0103 a fost complet epurat\u0103 de solda\u021bii pronazi\u0219ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dup\u0103 ce Partidul Muncitoresc Rom\u00e2n a preluat puterea politic\u0103, Emil Bodn\u0103ra\u0219, noul ministru al ap\u0103r\u0103rii, a ini\u021biat sovietizarea armatei. Reformele includeau adoptarea modelului sovietic de organizare politico-militar\u0103 \u0219i integrarea Rom\u00e2niei \u00een sistemul politic sovietic \u00eenainte de \u00eenceperea R\u0103zboiului Rece.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La Bucure\u0219ti, aproape fiecare institu\u021bie a fost supravegheat\u0103 de reprezentan\u021bi ai autorit\u0103\u021bilor sovietice, care erau considera\u021bi consilieri. Ofi\u021berii sovietici ocupau pozi\u021bii de conducere \u00een institu\u021bii de stat \u0219i locale. De asemenea, agen\u021bi sovietici au \u00eenceput s\u0103 p\u0103trund\u0103 \u00een Ministerul de Interne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Armata sovietic\u0103 a r\u0103mas pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1958, iar puterea sovietic\u0103 la Bucure\u0219ti \u2013 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Formarea_miscarii_anticomuniste_si_miscarea_anticomunista_din_Bucuresti\"><\/span>Formarea mi\u0219c\u0103rii anticomuniste \u0219i mi\u0219carea anticomunist\u0103 din Bucure\u0219ti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mi\u0219carea anticomunist\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia a \u00eenceput imediat dup\u0103 \u00eenceputul ocupa\u021biei sovietice. La \u00eenceput, era format\u0103 din militari rom\u00e2ni care luptau \u00eempotriva Armatei Ro\u0219ii. Ulterior, s-au format grupuri de gheril\u0103. Cele mai multe dintre acestea au fost distruse \u00een anii \u201950, dar unele grupuri izolate au continuat s\u0103 reziste p\u00e2n\u0103 la cap\u0103t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen 1956, a avut loc o mi\u0219care anticomunist\u0103 la Bucure\u0219ti. Studen\u021bii din multe \u021b\u0103ri est-europene au fost inspira\u021bi de exemplul Poloniei, unde regimul stalinist fusese abolit dup\u0103 o mi\u0219care anticomunist\u0103. Studen\u021bii din Bucure\u0219ti au \u00eenceput s\u0103 discute activ despre realismul \u0219i viabilitatea unor ac\u021biuni similare. Ei nu au format comitete pentru a evita aten\u021bia autorit\u0103\u021bilor, ci doar grupuri de ini\u021biativ\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cei mai activi erau studen\u021bii de la Facult\u0103\u021bile de Drept, Literatur\u0103, Teatru, Jurnalism, Medicin\u0103, Arhitectur\u0103 ale Universit\u0103\u021bii din Bucure\u0219ti \u0219i de la Institutul de \u0218tiin\u021be Economice. \u00cen Bucure\u0219ti pute\u021bi vizita muzeul <a href=\"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/uk\/eternal-czikavi-muzeyi-buharesta-yaki-varto-vidvidaty-kozhnomu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Universit\u0103\u021bii din Bucure\u0219ti<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La primul protest, studen\u021bii au adresat \u00eentreb\u0103ri vicepremierului de atunci, Iosif Chi\u0219inevschi, referitoare la problemele geopolitice \u0219i crizele de aprovizionare din \u021bar\u0103. Nu au primit r\u0103spunsuri, dar acest protest a fost un pas important \u0219i un semn c\u0103 tinerii rom\u00e2ni \u00ee\u0219i doreau un dialog sincer cu autorit\u0103\u021bile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ulterior, au urmat represalii, iar manifest\u0103rile de disiden\u021b\u0103 \u00een universit\u0103\u021bile din Bucure\u0219ti s-au oprit. \u00cen 1956, a fost creat\u0103 o echip\u0103 special\u0103 de criz\u0103 condus\u0103 de Emil Bodn\u0103ra\u0219. Printre subalternii s\u0103i s-a num\u0103rat Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu, care mai t\u00e2rziu a devenit cel mai brutal dictator din istoria Rom\u00e2niei \u0219i a fost executat dup\u0103 Revolu\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 din 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Revolutia_Romana_din_1989_evenimentele_din_Bucuresti\"><\/span>Revolu\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 din 1989: evenimentele din Bucure\u0219ti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.bucharestyes.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/64\/2024\/11\/ad_4nxevyelyzsytxiinmn4vtoaswngkbgzcxa5omwc2s5pslajusltnwqkdi1musbmhjbsvxvlol2t1th60rclta9-xyawxryoiooqgimaayh0_kk4mdzgkinfkrmvzzuvivasnnfohigkeysxg0z_u5jp3pjed_r8fkiprz.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Revolu\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a \u00eenceput \u00een ora\u0219ul Timi\u0219oara \u0219i ulterior s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een \u00eentreaga \u021bar\u0103. Revolu\u021bia a dus la execu\u021bia dictatorului Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu \u0219i la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul regimului comunist din Rom\u00e2nia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dup\u0103 mai multe revolte la Timi\u0219oara, autorit\u0103\u021bile au organizat un miting de sus\u021binere la Bucure\u0219ti, dar, spre surprinderea tuturor, \u00een mul\u021bime s-a auzit o explozie. Au urmat ciocniri cu mili\u021bia, iar trupele au fost trimise \u00een Bucure\u0219ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pe 22 decembrie, la radio s-a anun\u021bat c\u0103 ministrul ap\u0103r\u0103rii, Vasile Milea, s-a sinucis, dar foarte cur\u00e2nd s-a aflat c\u0103 fusese ucis pentru c\u0103 a refuzat s\u0103 trag\u0103 \u00een demonstran\u021bi. Acest lucru a f\u0103cut ca armata s\u0103 se al\u0103ture protestatarilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen aceea\u0219i zi, Ceau\u0219escu \u0219i so\u021bia sa au \u00eencercat s\u0103 fug\u0103 cu un elicopter din Bucure\u0219ti, dar a devenit rapid clar c\u0103 nu vor reu\u0219i, fiind intercepta\u021bi de avioane de v\u00e2n\u0103toare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pe 25 decembrie, Ceau\u0219escu a fost condamnat la moarte \u0219i executat \u00een aceea\u0219i zi. A\u0219a s-a \u00eencheiat domina\u021bia sovietic\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i \u00een capitala acesteia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ocupa\u021bia sovietic\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei a avut loc \u00een 1944, \u00een timpul ofensivei Armatei Ro\u0219ii pe Frontul de Est. Atunci, trupele sovietice au ocupat ceea ce fusese Regatul Rom\u00e2niei. Un alt factor important a fost c\u0103, dup\u0103 lovitura de stat regal\u0103 din 1944, Rom\u00e2nia a trecut de partea Alia\u021bilor. F\u0103r\u0103 ca un tratat oficial de armisti\u021biu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":379,"featured_media":2342,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[531],"tags":[1030,987,1023,1107,1106,1105,1108,1109,1110,1022,1111],"moimportance":[101,104],"motype":[533],"moformat":[89],"class_list":{"0":"post-3022","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-despre-primar","8":"tag-bucuresti-2","9":"tag-istoria-bucurestiului-2","10":"tag-istoria-romaniei-2","11":"tag-istorie-politica","12":"tag-miscarea-anticomunista","13":"tag-ocupatia-sovietica-a-romaniei","14":"tag-politica-2","15":"tag-puterea-la-bucuresti","16":"tag-revolutia-romana","17":"tag-romania-2","18":"tag-uniunea-sovietica","19":"moimportance-golovna-novyna","20":"moimportance-retranslyacziya-v-agregatory","21":"motype-eternal","22":"moformat-vlasna"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/379"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3022"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3026,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3022\/revisions\/3026"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2342"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3022"},{"taxonomy":"moimportance","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moimportance?post=3022"},{"taxonomy":"motype","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/motype?post=3022"},{"taxonomy":"moformat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moformat?post=3022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}